Health Research After 40

Explore peer-reviewed health research relevant to people over 40. Each entry summarises what was studied, how the study was designed, what researchers found and important limitations.

How to use this page: A single study rarely settles a health question. Randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses are useful in different ways, and findings should be considered alongside the wider body of evidence and professional medical advice.

"Co-production is catnip to my brain. I need it and I would be in care otherwise": a call for action for researchers to safeguard the integrity of co-production in dementia research.

Dementia & Alzheimer's 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Research involvement and engagement
DOI
10.1186/s40900-026-00964-8
View original research

A Regulator SNP Affecting the Transcription Factor <i>SP1</i> Binding Site in the <i>PIK3R3</i> Gene Contributes to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Risk.

Hearing loss 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Human mutation
DOI
10.1155/humu/7010704
View original research

Acute postoperative dietary intake in older adult hip fracture patients: An exploratory three-day weighed food diary observational study.

Falls & hip fractures 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Nutrition and health
DOI
10.1177/02601060261494308
View original research

Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a Danish cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
European journal of nutrition
DOI
10.1007/s00394-026-04133-1
View original research

Association between stress-related exposures and risk of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: results from the population-based Lifelines cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMJ open diabetes research & care
DOI
10.1136/bmjdrc-2026-006219
View original research

Association of regulatory B, T cells and cytokine production with disease stage in non-small cell lung cancer patients: prospective case control study.

Cancer 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMC cancer
DOI
10.1186/s12885-026-16464-7
View original research

Bridging the intention‒behavior gap in herpes zoster vaccination: A nationwide survey in a self-payment setting.

Shingles 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
DOI
10.1080/21645515.2026.2741764
View original research

Changes in ectopic lipids, insulin sensitivity, and beta cell function after a low-fat vegan diet in adults with type 2 diabetes: a 16-week single-arm clinical trial.

Type 2 diabetes 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMJ open diabetes research & care
DOI
10.1136/bmjdrc-2026-006472
View original research

Clinical Role of anogenital distance in Predicting pelvic floor training outcomes for stress urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence / overactive bladder 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology
DOI
10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115477
View original research

Co-supplementation of zinc and probiotic on oxidative stress markers and sleep quality index in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
European journal of nutrition
DOI
10.1007/s00394-026-04130-4
View original research

Cost-effectiveness of anti-inflammatory reliever (AIR) or maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) for mild to moderate asthma: a systematic review.

Asthma 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMJ open respiratory research
DOI
10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004148
View original research

Development and Real-World Evaluation of an Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Predicting COPD-Related Healthcare Costs.

COPD 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
DOI
10.2147/copd.s639817
View original research

Development of insulin resistance in women over the menopause transition.

Menopause / perimenopause 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
JCI insight
DOI
10.1172/jci.insight.206342
View original research

Digital health education needs for women with urinary incontinence in Kigali Rwanda, a phenomenological qualitative study.

Urinary incontinence / overactive bladder 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
PLOS global public health
DOI
10.1371/journal.pgph.0006703
View original research

Educational disparities in prostate cancer survival: a retrospective cohort study from Mexico City.

Prostate problems 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Salud publica de Mexico
DOI
10.21149/17890
View original research

Effect of web-based education on NIV-related side effects and insomnia severity in COPD patients using home NIV: a randomized controlled trial.

COPD 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
DOI
10.1007/s11325-026-03833-6
View original research

Effectiveness of a self-management intervention on clinical outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Type 2 diabetes 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
PloS one
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0360475
View original research

Effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty for glaucoma and ocular hypertension in a large real-world cohort in New Zealand.

Vision problems 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
The New Zealand medical journal
DOI
10.26635/6965.7450
View original research

Efficacy of Vitamin E Administration on Serum Lipid Profile in Adult Patients With Dyslipidemia: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of RCTs.

High cholesterol 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Food science & nutrition
DOI
10.1002/fsn3.72428
View original research

Elective primary total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis: in-hospital outcomes from the national inpatient sample, 2016-2021.

Osteoarthritis 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery
DOI
10.1007/s00402-026-06523-w
View original research

Emergency Department Visits for Falls and First-Time Seizure.

Falls & hip fractures 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Neurology
DOI
10.1212/wnl.0000000000218597
View original research

Emerging therapies for knee osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Nature reviews. Rheumatology
DOI
10.1038/s41584-026-01441-y
View original research

Factors associated with chronic kidney disease stage among patients with uncontrolled diabetes and/or hypertension in Northeastern Thailand: a cross-sectional study.

Chronic kidney disease 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMJ open
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2026-122216
View original research

Female stress urinary incontinence surgical trends in New Zealand from 2010 to 2025: before and after a mesh pause and national surgeon credentialing.

Urinary incontinence / overactive bladder 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
World journal of urology
DOI
10.1007/s00345-026-06812-4
View original research

Frailty and Incident Low Back Pain in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Methodological Considerations [Letter].

Lower back pain 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Journal of pain research
DOI
10.2147/jpr.s657433
View original research

Frailty-targeted cardiovascular rehabilitation and management in older adults with cardiovascular disease and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heart disease 2026 Systematic review and meta-analysis Included 13 randomized controlled trials and 3 non-randomized intervention studies with varied comparators.
Participants
1,716 participants across 16 studies
What was tested
Frailty-targeted cardiovascular rehabilitation and management interventions, including multicomponent rehabilitation/management approaches intended to improve physical function and frailty-related outcomes.
Compared with
Comparator conditions varied across the included randomized and non-randomized intervention studies; the review pooled outcomes only when sufficiently comparable.
Main finding
The review found favourable but uncertain effects on selected functional outcomes, including adjusted Short Physical Performance Battery scores, six-minute walk distance, frailty burden, lower-limb strength, and reduced SPPB decline. It found no clear benefit for all-cause mortality, and hospitalization and quality-of-life outcomes could not be pooled consistently.
Limitations
The authors rated the certainty of evidence as very low. The evidence base was limited by risk of bias, heterogeneity, imprecision, and small numbers of studies contributing to several pooled outcomes. Safety, implementation and economic outcomes were inconsistently or not reported, so clinically meaningful benefit has not been established.
Funding / conflicts
Funding and author conflict-of-interest details were not stated in the accessible abstract sources checked. The full publisher article should be checked before any live import if CalderGold requires complete author-level funding and conflict declarations.
Journal
Ageing Research Reviews
DOI
10.1016/j.arr.2026.103383
View original research

From Menarche to Menopause: A Narrative Review of Female Reproductive Milestones and Risk of Chronic Airway Disease.

Menopause / perimenopause 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Chest
DOI
10.1016/j.chest.2026.09.100
View original research

Health utilities in individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency with and without COPD from the EARCO registry.

COPD 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Pulmonology
DOI
10.1080/25310429.2026.2742798
View original research

Hemoglobin Exhibits a U-Shaped Association with Obstructive Sleep Apnea at High Altitude: Machine-Learning and Exploratory Interventional Evidence.

Sleep apnoea 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Respiratory medicine
DOI
10.1016/j.rmed.2026.109203
View original research

Human endogenous retroviruses antibody signatures in severe asthma phenotypes.

Asthma 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Immunologic research
DOI
10.1007/s12026-026-09855-2
View original research

Hypertension: a missing piece in HFpEF?

High blood pressure 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
DOI
10.1038/s41440-026-02855-7
View original research

Impact of a dietary and exercise intervention on health-related quality of life of prostate cancer patients on active surveillance with overweight/obesity: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Prostate problems 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
DOI
10.1007/s00520-026-11298-2
View original research

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome: propensity matched analysis of a national cohort.

Sleep apnoea 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Heart & lung : the journal of critical care
DOI
10.1016/j.hrtlng.2026.102961
View original research

Integration of Behavioral Health by Community Health Workers Into a Lifestyle Intervention That Addresses Reduction of Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Rural Communities.

Heart disease 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Preventing chronic disease
DOI
10.5888/pcd23.260142
View original research

Intravenous lidocaine for probable nociplastic chronic non-specific low back pain

Lower Back Pain 2026 Randomised controlled equivalence trial Double-blind, placebo-controlled
Participants
84 adults
What was tested
Intravenous lidocaine once weekly for four weeks, with background multimodal pain management.
Compared with
Saline placebo infusions with the same background multimodal pain management.
Main finding
Intravenous lidocaine did not provide additional pain reduction beyond placebo in this trial.
Limitations
The study focused on people with probable nociplastic chronic non-specific low back pain and therefore does not answer whether lidocaine might have a role in other pain conditions.
Funding / conflicts
Academic clinical research team; see the original paper for complete funding and conflict disclosures.
Journal
Pain Medicine
DOI
10.1093/pm/pnag093
View original research

Link Between the Cardiometabolic Index and Stroke Risk Across Different Glucose Metabolic Status in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Stroke 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
International journal of endocrinology
DOI
10.1155/ije/6169486
View original research

Longer-term outcomes of intravitreal therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration at a peripheral centre (Palmerston North eye clinic).

Vision problems 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
The New Zealand medical journal
DOI
10.26635/6965.7545
View original research

Low-Intensity Social Care for Dementia Caregivers: A Randomized Trial.

Dementia & Alzheimer's 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
DOI
10.1111/jgs.70684
View original research

Lower 24-hour urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and exploratory bile-acid and microbiome associations in adults with dyslipidemia: a prospectively enrolled cross-sectional study.

High cholesterol 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Annals of medicine
DOI
10.1080/07853890.2026.2743367
View original research

Mapping post-diagnostic support in dementia: a scoping review of care models, structures, and approaches.

Dementia & Alzheimer's 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Aging & mental health
DOI
10.1080/13607863.2026.2740017
View original research

Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.

Falls & hip fractures 2026 Systematic review and meta-analysis Included comparisons with usual care or attention control, exercise, and falls-prevention advice or education.
Participants
48,919 older people living in the community across 110 randomized studies.
What was tested
Multifactorial fall-prevention programmes tailored to an individual's assessed risk factors, and multiple-component programmes that provided the same combination of fall-prevention components to participants.
Compared with
Usual care or attention control, exercise alone, or falls-prevention advice/education, depending on the included comparison.
Main finding
Multifactorial programmes may slightly reduce the rate of falls and recurrent falls compared with usual care, but offer little or no additional benefit over falls advice/education and have uncertain effects compared with exercise. Multiple-component programmes generally showed little or no additional benefit for fall rate across several comparisons, although some comparisons suggested a reduced risk of falling.
Limitations
Certainty was limited for many comparisons by risk of bias and statistical heterogeneity. Several outcomes and comparisons remained uncertain, so the results do not support assuming that more complex programmes are always better than simpler exercise or falls-education approaches.
Funding / conflicts
Funding reported by Cochrane: NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre, Dennis and Mireille Gillings Foundation, Bateman Family Charitable Trust, and an NIHR School for Primary Care Research post-doctoral fellowship. The accessible Cochrane summary did not provide the full author conflict-of-interest declarations; check the full review before any live import if author-level declarations are required.
Journal
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DOI
10.1002/14651858.CD012221.pub3
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Persistence of cardiovascular risk factor changes after the great recession: fixed effects analysis of prospective cohort data from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMJ open
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2026-123802
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Photobiomodulation therapy has a negligible effect as an adjunct to motor control exercise in people with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial.

Lower back pain 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Journal of physiotherapy
DOI
10.1016/j.jphys.2026.09.005
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Plasma p-tau217 and neurodegeneration-related biomarkers predict incident cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective cohort study.

Sleep apnoea 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
DOI
10.1007/s11325-026-03835-4
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Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Associated Factors Among Adult Outpatients at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

High cholesterol 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Health science reports
DOI
10.1002/hsr2.73370
View original research

Quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging of femoral trabecular bone in aging and osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
European radiology
DOI
10.1007/s00330-026-12923-8
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Real-world effectiveness of dupilumab in COPD: a German multicenter analysis.

COPD 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Respiratory research
DOI
10.1186/s12931-026-03940-8
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Responsiveness and minimal important change of Turkish pain-related psychological measures in chronic non-specific low back pain.

Lower back pain 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Annals of medicine
DOI
10.1080/07853890.2026.2725978
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Review Article: Socioeconomic and Racial or Ethnic Inequalities Across the Colorectal Cancer Continuum: From Disparities to Action.

Cancer 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
DOI
10.1111/apt.71021
View original research

Review on Adult Male Hypogonadism-Reply.

Low testosterone 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
JAMA
DOI
10.1001/jama.2026.16506
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Review on Adult Male Hypogonadism.

Low testosterone 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
JAMA
DOI
10.1001/jama.2026.16494
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Risk of dementia following gabapentin prescription in chronic low back pain patients.

Lower back pain 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
DOI
10.1136/rapm-2025-106577
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Routine versus postoperative CRP/CT guided selective diverting ileostomy after laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a comparative randomized controlled trial.

Cancer 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
BMC surgery
DOI
10.1186/s12893-026-04248-6
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Strengthening health systems to prioritise, provide care, and prevent osteoarthritis: a roadmap for global health policy.

Osteoarthritis 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Lancet (London, England)
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01700-9
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Ten-Year Experience with Combined Hyperbaric Oxygen and Steroid Therapy for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Cohort of 332 Patients.

Hearing loss 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
The journal of international advanced otology
DOI
10.65717/iao.2026.252388
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The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and its derivatives related to obesity and inflammation as novel metabolic markers for predicting new-onset cardiovascular-liver-metabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study.

Obesity 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Journal of diabetes investigation
DOI
10.1111/jdi.70462
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The combined medication approach for treating overactive bladder: assessing safety and efficacy.

Urinary incontinence / overactive bladder 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
DOI
10.12968/bjon.2026.0126
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The LL-TK index as a regional marker of sagittal balance and disability in adults with chronic low back pain.

Lower back pain 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
DOI
10.1007/s00586-026-10426-0
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The relationship between sarcopenic obesity and urinary incontinence among adult women in the United States.

Urinary incontinence / overactive bladder 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology
DOI
10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115478
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The Role of Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming in Exercise-Attenuated Osteoporosis: a Narrative Review.

Osteoporosis 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Sports medicine - open
DOI
10.1186/s40798-026-01121-x
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Understanding the Impact of Rurality: Outcomes for Women with Urinary Incontinence.

Urinary incontinence / overactive bladder 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Urology
DOI
10.1016/j.urology.2026.09.062
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When Does Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) Change Definition? A Lifespan Perspective on Menopause and Metabolic Health.

Menopause / perimenopause 2026 Research record (automatically added) Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Participants
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
What was tested
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Compared with
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Main finding
Automatically added from Europe PMC bibliographic metadata. CalderGold has not assessed this study or its findings. Open the original paper for the research results.
Limitations
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Funding / conflicts
Not assessed automatically. See the original paper.
Journal
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
DOI
10.1016/j.eprac.2026.09.113
View original research

Bone marrow concentrate intradiscal injection for chronic discogenic low back pain

Lower Back Pain 2025 Randomised controlled trial Double-blind, sham-controlled
Participants
63 patients
What was tested
A single intradiscal bone marrow concentrate injection.
Compared with
A sham procedure.
Main finding
There were no significant differences between bone marrow concentrate and sham for the trial's main pain-success outcome at 3, 6 or 12 months. The authors concluded that the injection was equivalent to sham in this trial.
Limitations
The authors noted important limitations, including lack of detailed cell-quality analysis, which limits how confidently the findings can be applied to all bone marrow concentrate treatments.
Funding / conflicts
The paper should be checked for full funding disclosures before drawing conclusions about independence.
Journal
Interventional Pain Medicine
DOI
10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100611
View original research

Efficacy of cognitive functional therapy for pain intensity and disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain

Lower Back Pain 2025 Randomised controlled trial Sham-controlled
Participants
152 adults
What was tested
Six individual cognitive functional therapy sessions over six weeks, alongside a self-management education booklet.
Compared with
Six individual sham sessions using neutral talking plus detuned photobiomodulation, alongside the same education booklet.
Main finding
Cognitive functional therapy produced greater reductions in pain intensity and disability than the sham intervention at six weeks, and the differences remained at three- and six-month follow-up.
Limitations
This was a single trial in people with non-specific chronic low back pain. Results should be interpreted alongside the wider evidence base rather than as proof that the approach will work for everyone.
Funding / conflicts
One author reported occasionally receiving lecture fees for teaching multidimensional biopsychosocial approaches in physical therapy; the other authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Journal
British Journal of Sports Medicine
DOI
10.1136/bjsports-2024-109012
View original research

Allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for chronic low back pain: RESPINE study

Lower Back Pain 2024 Randomised controlled trial Double-blind, sham-placebo controlled
Participants
Multicentre trial
What was tested
A single intradiscal injection of 20 million allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
Compared with
A sham injection procedure.
Main finding
The study tested whether intradiscal mesenchymal stromal cells improved pain, disability and MRI measures compared with sham placebo, with outcomes assessed through 24 months.
Limitations
This was a specialised intervention for selected patients with chronic low back pain and should not be generalised to ordinary non-specific back pain. The full paper should be read for the detailed responder and structural results.
Funding / conflicts
See the original paper for full funding and conflict-of-interest disclosures.
Journal
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
DOI
10.1136/ard-2024-225771
View original research

Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment associated with transcranial direct current stimulation in chronic low back pain

Lower Back Pain 2024 Randomised controlled trial Double-blind, placebo-controlled
Participants
72 participants
What was tested
Osteopathic manipulative treatment with active transcranial direct current stimulation.
Compared with
Sham stimulation plus osteopathic treatment, and a sham stimulation plus sham osteopathic-treatment group.
Main finding
Pain decreased in all groups. Adding active transcranial stimulation to osteopathic treatment did not provide a clinically significant improvement over osteopathic treatment alone.
Limitations
The study was relatively small and follow-up was short. Disability improved across groups without a clear group-specific effect.
Funding / conflicts
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest.
Journal
Clinical Rehabilitation
DOI
10.1177/02692155241274718
View original research

Reduction of chronic primary low back pain by spinal manipulative therapy

Lower Back Pain 2024 Randomised controlled trial Placebo-controlled, dual-blind
Participants
Adults with chronic primary low back pain
What was tested
A course of spinal manipulative therapy.
Compared with
A placebo intervention designed to maintain blinding.
Main finding
The trial reported a greater reduction in chronic primary low back pain with spinal manipulative therapy than with placebo, together with changes in mechanical pain sensitivity and pain catastrophising.
Limitations
The study examined chronic primary low back pain and should not be generalised to every cause of back pain. Individual trials should be considered alongside systematic reviews and other trials.
Funding / conflicts
See the original paper for full funding and conflict-of-interest details.
Journal
The Journal of Pain
DOI
10.1016/j.jpain.2024.02.014
View original research